The Beatles, Stones, Doors, and Kinks have already been mentioned. Losing Tommy might change the perception of the Who but not really. Ditto Van Halen (the debut or 1984, take your pick).

CCR
The Byrds
Tom Waits
Tom Petty (every damn album is the same. Waits kinda in similar boat but to a lesser extent)
Van Morrison (see above; Astral Weeks just isn’t that important to his overall career)
Frank Zappa
Captain Beefheart
Lou Reed (this is kind of borderline. Transformer made him a star but it was a blip. MMM only confirmed that he was an asshole, which we already knew.)
The Eagles
Billy Joel
Genesis
Neil Young (could make the case for his comeback with Freedom, though)
Aerosmith {see above}
Paul Simon
Paul Weller
Paul Westerberg
Elvis Costello
Elvis Presley
XTC
Kate Bush
Talking Heads
The Cure
The Smiths
Sonic Youth
Pavement
Guided By Voices (in fact, you could cut four dozen albums and no one would notice)
Blur
Steely Dan
Belle & Sebastian
Killing Joke
Kraftwerk
Queens of Stone Age
Husker Du
The Black Keys
The Black Crowes
The White Stripes
The Fall (obviously!)
The New Pornographers
The Go-Betweens
The Move/ELO/Roy Wood
The The